Category: History Philosophy On Science Nature

Alfred Russel Wallace, Henry Walter Bates and Richard Spruce have been English naturalists who went to Amazonia one hundred fifty years in the past. This ebook is the 1st to mix all 3 younger mens studies of the Amazon, drawing seriously on their lonesome letters and books. All 3 explored an unknown river and had many exciting adventures: violent assaults of malaria, anxious rapids, homicide makes an attempt, encounters with newly contacted indigenous peoples, shipwrecks, and lots of different hardships.

In addition to their large contributions to wisdom of the Amazonian setting, every one is very recognized for one discovery. Wallace is said as a co-discoverer, besides Charles Darwin, of the speculation of evolution. Bates chanced on protecting mimicry between bugs, a phenomenon named after him. Spruce transported the quinine-bearing Cinchona tree, an important medicinal plant of the 19th century, to India, the place it stored numerous lives from malaria.

each rock is a tangible hint of the earth’s previous. In The tale of the Earth in 25 Rocks, Donald R. Prothero tells the attention-grabbing tales in the back of the discoveries that shook the rules of geology. In twenty-five chapters—each a few specific rock, outcrop, or geologic phenomenon—Prothero recounts the clinical detective paintings that took us from the unearthing of exemplary specimens to tectonic shifts in how we view our planet and history.

Prothero follows within the footsteps of the scientists who asked—and answered—geology’s greatest questions: How will we understand how outdated the earth is? What occurred to the supercontinent Pangea? How did ocean rocks prove on the most sensible of Mount Everest? What do we find out about our planet from meteorites and moon rocks? The tale of the Earth in 25 Rocks solutions those questions via expertly selected case stories, reminiscent of Pliny the Elder’s firsthand account of the eruption of Vesuvius; the granite outcrops that led a Scottish scientist to theorize that the landscapes he witnessed have been some distance older than Noah’s Flood; the gypsum deposits lower than the Mediterranean Sea that point out that it used to be a barren region; and the way attempting to date the age of meteorites published the risks of lead poisoning. each one of those breakthroughs crammed in a bit of the puzzle that's the earth, with clinical discoveries dovetailing with one another to supply more and more stable proof of the geologic earlier. Summarizing a wealth of knowledge in an enjoyable, approachable sort, The tale of the Earth in 25 Rocks is vital studying for the armchair geologist, the rock hound, and all who're all in favour of the earth underneath their feet.

This ebook discusses the connection among the philosophy of technological know-how and philosophy of engineering, and demonstrates how philosophers of engineering layout in addition to layout researchers can enjoy the conceptual toolkit that the philosophy of technology has to offer. 

In this regard, it employs conceptual instruments from the philosophical literature on medical clarification to deal with key matters in engineering layout and philosophy of engineering layout. particularly, the ebook makes a speciality of assessing the explanatory worth of functionality ascriptions utilized in engineering layout and philosophy of technical features; on elaborating the constitution of clarification in engineering layout; on assessing the position and cost of layout representations in engineering layout and philosophy thereof; and on elaborating capability for the trying out of layout methods.

Presenting a singular and powerful method of tackling key matters within the box, philosophers of engineering and layout alike will tremendously reap the benefits of this book.

Die ungeheure Menge an Faktenwissen, das die Biologie heutzutage vorweist, erlaubt es kaum noch jemandem, einen Blick zurück auf die Wissenschaftsgeschichte zu werfen. Und doch bietet ein solcher Rückblick ein spannendes Erlebnis. Von den Philosophen des antiken Griechenland bis zu Darwin und weiter bis zu Ganzheitslehren einerseits und Versuchen der jüngsten Zeit, Leben im exertions neu zu erzeugen, andererseits, führt dieser konzentrierte Führer durch die europäische Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Goethe und seine Zeitgenossen, die einen revolutionären Wandel des Weltbildes einleiteten und die Erkenntnis gewannen, dass der Mensch Ergebnis einer langen Evolutionsgeschichte ist. Zwar gibt es speziell zu Goethe viele Abhandlungen aus der Feder von Geisteswissenschaftlern, doch es fehlt eine Bewertung seiner Aussagen aus der Sicht der heutigen Biologie. Dieses Buch verweist auf die sich anbahnende neue R-EVOLUTION, die zum Ziel hat, neues Leben nach dem Plan des Menschen zu schaffen.

When Philadelphia naturalist Samuel George Morton died in 1851, not anyone bring to a halt his head, boiled away its flesh, and extra his grinning cranium to a suite of crania. it's going to were unusual, yet probably becoming, had Morton’s cranium wound up in a collector’s cupboard, for Morton himself had gathered countless numbers of skulls over the process an extended profession. associates, diplomats, medical professionals, squaddies, and fellow naturalists despatched him skulls they accumulated from battlefields and burial grounds throughout the US and round the world.

With The cranium Collectors, eminent historian Ann Fabian resurrects that well known and clinical circulation, telling the strange—and every now and then gruesome—story of Morton, his contemporaries, and their look for a systematic beginning for racial distinction. From cranial measurements and museum cabinets to heads on stakes, bloody battlefields, and the “rascally excitement” of grave robbing, Fabian paints a full of life photo of medical inquiry in provider of an schedule of racial superiority, and of a society coming to grips with either the lethal implications of take place future and the mass slaughter of the Civil warfare. at the same time she vividly recreates the earlier, Fabian additionally deftly strains the ongoing implications of this historical past, from lingering strains of medical racism to debates over the go back of the is still of local american citizens which are held by means of museums to this day.

Full of anecdotes, oddities, and insights, The cranium Collectors takes readers on a darkly attention-grabbing journey down a little-visited yet strangely very important byway of yankee history.

the worldwide historical past of Paleopathology is the 1st accomplished worldwide compendium at the historical past of paleopathology, an interdisciplinary medical self-discipline that makes a speciality of the examine of old ailment. delivering views from areas that experience routinely had lengthy histories of paleopathology, akin to the U.S. and components of Europe, this quantity additionally offers very important paintings by means of a world roster of students who're writing their very own local and cultural histories within the box. The booklet identifies significant thinkers and figures who've contributed to paleopathology, in addition to major enterprises and classes that experience backed medical learn and verbal exchange, so much particularly the Paleopathology organization. the quantity concludes with a watch in the direction of the way forward for the self-discipline, discussing tools and examine on the innovative of paleopathology, relatively those who hire the research of old DNA and isotopes.

Grundlagen der theoretischen Anatomie - Erster Teil through P. Lesgaft.
This ebook is a replica of the unique e-book released in 1892 and should have a few imperfections comparable to marks or hand-written notes.

For millennia, nice thinkers have meditated the which means and objective of human life; yet whereas so much assumed that humanity used to be the tip element of construction or the head of evolution, Ted Chu makes the provocative declare that the human race may perhaps in truth be a way instead of an end—that humankind will provide upward thrust to evolutionary successors. during this wide-ranging and authoritative paintings, Chu reexamines the query of human function in mild of the extreme advancements of technology and know-how. Arguing deep knowing of our position within the universe is needed to navigate the significance of the alternatives that lie forward, he surveys human knowledge from either East and West, lines the evolutionary trajectory that has ended in this aspect, and explores the potentials rising at the clinical frontier. The e-book addresses the valid fears and matters of “playing God” yet embraces the potential for transcending organic kinds and changing into or developing completely new life-forms.

In 1775, a customer to Laurent Spinacuta's Grande Ménagerie on the annual wintry weather reasonable in Paris may have visible tigers, numerous sorts of monkeys, an armadillo, an ocelot, and a condor—in all, forty-two stay animals. In Elephant Slaves and Pampered Parrots, Louise Robbins explains that unique animals from around the globe have been universal in eighteenth-century Paris. within the streets of the town, citizens and viewers may possibly notice appearing elephants and a scuffling with polar undergo. these trying to find strange pets may well buy parrots, flying squirrels, and capuchin monkeys. The royal menagerie at Versailles displayed lions, cranes, an elephant, a rhinoceros, and a zebra, which in 1760 grew to become a massive courtroom attraction.

For Enlightenment-era Parisians, unique animals either piqued clinical interest and conveyed social prestige. Their availability was once a boon for naturalists like Buffon, writer of the best-selling Histoire naturelle, who saw strange species in numerous destinations round the urban. Louis XVI observed his menagerie as a manifestation of his energy and funded its maintenance for this reason, whereas critics used the caged animals as metaphors of slavery and political oppression amidst the starting to be political turmoil. In her enticing and sometimes impressive account, Robbins considers approximately each element of France's obsession with unique fauna, from the huge literature on unique animals and the interior workings of the oiseleurs' (birdsellers') guild to how the animals have been transported, housed, and cared for. in accordance with wide-ranging and resourceful study, Elephant Slaves and Pampered Parrots stands as a big contribution to the background of human-animal family, eighteenth-century tradition, and French colonialism.